所有的解答并非出自不才的小女子，我只是将各位大虾的回答做了个简单的汇总。由于类比反义已经有了很多总结，所有这里只包括了pp2逻辑和填空部分的部分题目，非常希望后来者续写、补充、改正。另外，很多解答不止一条，使用时注意分辨。
我5.28海淀路考，欢迎来信交流题目及感想：pease@netease.com ★Historical inquiry is a rational discipline only because of common standards by which competing historical theories can be judged. Some historians claim that their theories are exempt from these standards,since the theories can explain away any evidence that might be brought against them. No truly rational account, however, would be immune in this way to rational refutation. The passage is structured to lead to the conclusion that a historical theory that can account for any conceivable or actual contrary evidence is not a rational historical theory mykey: rational discipline common standards
~ common standard explain away any evidence that might be brought against them
rational account rational refutation 所以~ common standard ~rational discipline,
历史调查作为一门严谨的学科仅仅是因为这一点：相互竞争的理论可以被用共同标准来评判。 有些人说他们的理论可以撇开这些共同标准，（since---)但是，没有任何account是 可以免于rational refutation的，所以_____
原因是结果的一个必要条件,所以，to be a rational discipline--->common stantards,做逆否命题处理：~common stantards--->~to be a rational discipline
所以，theory that can account for any conceivable or actual contrary evidence=可以免于refutation=(since句)~common stantards=>not a rational discipline. a theory can be judged by common standards,then
it is a rational discipline
the claimed theories are exempt from these standards,then
it is not a rational historical theory ★Bread dough contains lysine,an important nutrient,but the high temperatures
needed for baking bread cause lysine to bread down.Since toasting bread
requires similar high temperatures,dark toast contains less lysine than does
light toast.
(A)Lysine can be broken down only by exposure to high temperatures.
(B)A piece of untoasted bread contains some lysine.
(C)Light toast has at least as much nutritive value as does dark toast.
(D)Lysine starts to break down at high temperature in less time than the time
it takes to produce light toast.
(E)The higher the temperature at which bread is baked,the more quickly the
lysine in the dough starts to break down.
:这题答案选B这是怎样起assumption作用的？ 消除bread dough与untoasted bread之间的差异，原文只指出前者contain lysine. ★148.Which of the following most logically completes the argument below?
In recent years, the proportion of car buyers who buy new cars rather than used cars has declined. Some consumers have attributed this
change to an increase in new-car prices. As evidence of the price
increase, they cite figures that show that, even adjusting for inflation, the price that the buyer of a new car pays, on average, is far higher now than a few years ago. This evidence is unpersuasive, however, because: 一些消费者提出新车的价格上升导致买新车的人少了。
答案说：这个证据不能令人信服，是因为新车的价格只受人们喜欢旧车而拒绝并不昂贵的新车的行为的影响。（言下之意，因为很多人买了旧车，使那些便宜的新车销路不好，所以卖出去的新车的平均价格上升了。那些以价格为理由的消费者犯了本末倒置的错误）
a虽然也能解释买新车的人少了的现象，但是并没有直接否定那些消费者的理由，与前半句存在着逻辑上的中断。而题目问的是哪一个最能在逻辑上使论点完整。
:e. the change in the average price paid for a new car could result
:solely from more people's rejecting inexpensive new cars in favor of used cars.
:a.the value of a car that is bought new declines much more rapidly than does the value of a car that is bought used
:答案 e. 为什么不能选a. 因为新车的价值比旧车的价值下降的快，所以大家都买旧车。这似乎也可以。而e中说越来越多的人喜欢旧车而不买便宜的新车导致了新车的价格变化。我觉的不太对，因为原文明显的提示新车价格变高。
★Shirts made from cotton,a natural fiber,require more energy to make and launder
:than do shirts made from polyester only or from a blend of 65 percent polyester
:and 35 percent cotton.The mistaken thesis that using naturally occurring fibers is
:environmentally more benigh apparently doesn't hold for the technology of providing
:our society with shirts.
:(A)The price of a cotton shirts is generally lower than the price of a shirt
:containing polyester.
:(B)The energy costs of sewing,packaging,and shipping a cotton shirt are the same
:as those for a shirt containing polyester.
:(C)The waste products resulting frome the manufacture of cotton shirts return to
:a natural state,but the waste products resulting from the manufacture of shirts
:containing polyester pollute the waste supply.
:(D)Technology can produce shirts by processes that are environmentally less harmful
:than the processes presently used.
:(E)Countries with smaller energy reserves produce cotton shirts more cheaply than
:does the United States.
:这题答案选C。题中hold for在这里是什么意思？
我认为C（即不含POLYESTER的对环境没有污染）可以用来说明using naturally occurring fibers is environmentally more benigh这个THESIS是正确的,虽然100%COTTON SHIRTS要比65%的制作和洗染上需要更多的ENERGY，所以可以holding for the technology of providing our society with shirts.
而其他ANS则不行。 ★Critic: film attendance is at an all-time low. Attendance peaked in the mid-1940's, when producers made films that were much less violent than are films made today. Clearly, the public is showing its disapproval of today's more violent films by simply refusing to view them .
which of following most weaken the argument Except:
Screening of the films made decades ago attracts more audience than do screenings of the current films.
请问这个答案什么意思,为什么选他??
谢谢!!
screen:放电影
放过去的电影更吸引人，支持了文中的结论（？） ★102. Years after writing the comic opera The Bartered Bride , the Czech composer Bedrich Smetana claimed that he wrote that work in reaction to contentions that he was too much like the German composer Richard Wagner and could not write anything lighthearted. But Smetana must have either misremembered or misrepresented the facts, since music critics did not begin to publish commentary comparing Smetana to Wagner until some time after The Bartered Bride was first performed.
Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?
key: Smetana did not write The Bartered Bride simply in response to
unpublished opinions of his friends. 捷克作曲家声称他写这部喜歌剧是为了回应这样的评价：即他与瓦格纳太相象了，写不出轻松的东西来。他可能是记错了或者弄错了，因为直到该剧演出之后，才有关于他与瓦格纳的比较的评论文章发表。
答案：论点假设了：他写作这部歌剧不是为了回应朋友的未公开的观点。
论点的逻辑是：直到演出之后才有比较他与瓦格纳的文章发表==》他不可能为了回应后来发表的文章来创作，所以他的声明是错误的。
这个推理隐含地排除了他为了回应未公开的意见而创作歌剧的可能。 ★The town of Cresset has recently banned smoking in all restaurants within the town limits.There is strong evidence that the ban wiil prove very damaging to the restaurant businessin cresset . Obviously,smokers who normally dine in Cresset's restaurant will not want to refrain from smoking during their meals,and since there are plenty of restaurants in adjancent communities , (((none of which has antismoking regulations))),that is where those smokers will go.In fact even (((groups composed mostly of nonsmokers will probably choose restaurant outside Cresset))), since, presumably,they would wish to accommodate the smokers among them.Towns other than cresset that have institued smoking bans in situation similiar to Cresset's have already seen business volume in their restaurant decline.
:
:问画线（打括弧）的两句的作用。
:
:key ：
:The first provides evidence to support each of two intermediate conclusion
:that support the main conclusion; The second states one of those intermediate conclusion
:
:请问两个intermediate conclusion是什么？？ 第一个：因为其他地方不禁止在餐厅吸烟，习惯在就餐时抽烟的人士会到别的地方就餐
第二个：因为其他地方不禁止在餐厅吸烟，一起就餐的人们为了迁就吸烟人士，也会到外面就餐
总的结论：当地的餐饮业要倒霉了 ★:: Charleton recently wrote a scathing a tack on Winfreed's theory
:: about the origin of prtraiture. Charleton would never have felt
:: personally threatened by Winfreed's theory unless he believed,
:: albeit subconsciously, that the thery was correct. Since Char-
:: leton is a distinguished art historian, his attack can actually be
:: taken as confirmation of Winfreed's theory.
::
:: Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument
:: depends?
::
:: A. Charleton would not have written a scathing attack on Win-
:: freed's theory unless he had felt personally threatened by
:: that thery.
:: B. Charleton would attack a theory he believed was corre ct only
:: if he did not consciously believe that it was corcet.
:: C. Charleton would w rite about Winfreed's theory only if his
:: explicit purpose was to attack that thery.
:: D. An attack on a theory about the origin of portraiture would
:: serve as confirmation of that theory only if thettack were
:: writen by a distinguished a rt historian.
:: E. Charleton's attack on Winfreed's theo ry would se rve to con-
:: firm that thery only if thettack were scathing.
:条件1： C attack.
:条件2： C felt threatened by W --> W's theory is correct.
:结论: C attack --> W's theory is correct.(his attack can actually be
:: taken as confirmation of Winfreed's theory.)
:
:assumption is very clear: C attack --> C felt threatened by W .(answer A) ★The sense of delayed gratification ,of working now for later pleasure ,has helped shape the economic behavior of our society.However,that sense is no longer nurtured as consistantly in our children as it once is.For example,it used to take a bit of patience to put together the toys that children got in the cereal boxes;now the toys come from the boxes whole.问assumption
:ANSWER:The toys that used to come in the cereal boxes were put together by the same children who played with them.
:那为大虾帮忙翻译一下，我想了半天也不知道answer和提干的联系，如何assumpt的呀？万分感谢！！！
原因:
it used to take a bit of patience to put together the toys that children got in the cereal boxes;now the toys come from the boxes whole.
推论:
that sense is no longer nurtured as consistantly in our children as it once is.
差异点:toys come from the boxes whole(完整的)和 put together the toys (拿出来时是不完整的)
所以假设是不完整的是自己装完整的.
★
:以下两题，和庄版解密题库一逻辑单题中的题号一致：
:52 For ten years, commercial shrimp boats in the country of V have been using devies designed to prevent sea turtles, which are an endangered species, from being entangled in their nets. The sea turtle population in V waters has incresed over the past ten years. Since no other measures to protect sea turtles have been taken, the population increase must in large part be due to the use of the devices.
:
:which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?
:
:key: The number of commercial shrimp boats fishing in V waters is much larger now than it was ten years ago.
:
:题干的主张应该是：这种设备是海龟增加的唯一原因。
:答案说什么船变大了，这有什么关系呢？
是船的数量增多，不是变大 :58Although many brands of gasoline are sold on H, gasoline companies there get all of the refined gasoline they sell from H seaport's only storage tank, which is always refilled with the same quality of gasoline. Therefore, the brands of gasoline for sale on Haibei may be different in name and price, but they are identical in quality.
:
:The conclusion drawn above depends on which of the following assumptions?
:
:key: If any gasoline company on H alters the quality of its gasoline before sale, the other gasoline companies also use methods before sales that result in the same change in the quality of their gasoline. 所有公司都到一个油罐（TANK）取油 ----》 各公司的油是IDENTICAL IN QUALITY
虽然从一个罐里取，但要假设每个公司取的油是相同的，才可推出 IDENTICAL IN QUALITY ★28.Creating ceramic works of art requires heating them to high temperatures.A test used to distinguish ancient ceramic works from recent forgeries consists of heating a sample taken from the object and measuring the amount of radiation given off.This process allows one to determine how long ago the object was last heated.
:question: The information in the passage ,if correct ,most strongly supports which of the following?
:a: If an ancient ceramic work of art has recently survived a hot fire,the
:heat test cannot distinguish it from a recent forgery.
:
:b: Recent forgeries of ancient ceramic works cannot be distinguished from
:genuinely ancient works without the use of the heat test.
:答案问什么不能是b
:题目要求找一个支持:heating a sample ,then measure the amount of radiation given off,然后就可以分辨出是真品还是赝品
:而正确答案a似乎不能支持.我觉得b更好些.请大虾们给俺讲讲 愚以为，你把问题理会反了，是问文章支持哪个选项，而不是哪个选项能支持文章
已知：制造瓷器要用火烧；通过加热测试能断定上次经火是在什么时候
未知：这个东东是不是只经历了一次烈火的洗礼
A说如果古瓷最近经历了火烧，那么通过加热测试不能断定它是不是赝品
因为文中说加热测试只能判断最后一次经火的时间，所以说A得到了很好的支持
B说只能通过加热来测试是否赝品，太过武断，因为文章也没说加热测试是唯一的方法 ★题干如何解释？
:Since anything that divides one part of society from another is a potential source of social conflict, it is important that scientists explain their research to nonscientists--not only because nonscientists fund scientific research but because failure of scientists to inform nonscientists creates a division between scientists and nonscientists.
:
:The statement "it is important that scientists explain their research to nonscientists" functions in the argument as
:A.the conclusion of the argument
:B.apparent counterevidence that is then refuted
:C.a general principle invoked in support of the conclusion
:D.a clarifying illustration of the problem under discussion
:E.background information that provides a context for the argument
:
:Key:A
关于逻辑：其实很简单，就是一个因果句，Since...(原因1), it is important that scientists explain their research to nonscientists（结论）--not only because... but because...(原因2)。故答案选A一目了然。 ★The Unite States is not usually thought of as a nation
:of parakeet lovers.Yet in a census of parakeet owners in selected
:comparable countries .the United States ranked second.with eleven
:parakeet owners per hundred people.The conclusion can be drawn from
:this that people in the Unite States are more likely to own parakeets
:than are people in most other countries.
:
:Knowledge of which of the following would be most useful in judging the
:accuracy of the conclusion?
:d; the number of parakeet of owners in the United States compared to
:the numbers of owners of other pet birds in the Unite States.
:e: the numbers of parakeet owners per hundred people in the countries
:not included in the census.
:key is e. but i think d is right.why?
: "with eleven parakeet owners per hundred people"的意思是每一百个人中有十一个人养鹦鹉。并没有涉及到一个人养多只的情况，
也就是说可能排名很靠后的国家，虽然每一百个人中只有一个人养鹦鹉，但他养了一百只，而美国一人之养一只，所以反对了上述的
census的正确性。
d项与题目无关。现在只是讨论a nation of parakeet lovers的问题。 我觉得不涉及一人养多只的问题，注意more likely ...most other countries，如果未列入调查的国家中还有很多国家养的鹦鹉要超过美国，则结论显然不成立。
★:PP2的《全部组题》第9题有个问题看得一塌糊涂，请大虾帮忙解释一下
:从S（F，G，H）和H（K，L，M）中选出两组arbitration commissions:
:1,每组至少三人；
:2,每组必有来自S、H的人，但选中的来自S和H的人数目不同；
:3chairperson由人数少的一组中的某个 ...
意思是说有一组比另外一组多一个人,除了那个人以外,两组的组员和头儿都一样,比如说一组有ABC,另一组有ABCD,除多了一个D以外,其余都一样. ★原题:
Five runners-- Hank, Isaiah, Joelle, Ken, and
Laura-- are in a marathon race. Each runner
will wear one of five shirts-- one green, one
orange, one purple, one red, and one yellow--
and will be assigned to exactly one of five
lanes, numbered consecutively 1 through 5.
No lane will be assigned to more than one
runner. Lane and shirt assignments will meet
the following conditions: Ken must wear the purple shirt.
Isaiah must run in lane 2.
Joelle must run in a lower-numbered lane
than Laura.
The runner in the orange shirt must run in
the lane numbered one higher than the
lane of the runner in the yellow shirt.
The runner in the red shirt must be
assigned to lane 5. H I J K L
G O P R Y
1 2 3 4 5
(lane小号在左,大号在右)
以下各选项中*为正确答案,分析中为简便计,把诸选项依次称作A,B,C,D,E. 1.
Which of the following can be the runners
lanes 1 through 5, respectively? Hank, Isaiah, Joelle, Laura, Ken
Hank, Joelle, Ken, Laura, Isaiah
Joelle, Hank, Isaiah, Ken, Laura
* Ken, Isaiah, Joelle, Hank, Laura
Laura, Isaiah, Ken, Hank, Joelle Isaiah必在lane 2,排除B,C;Joelle在Laura左边,Joelle不可能在lane 5,排除E;Ken穿purple,
而lane 5穿red,则Ken也不可能在lane 5,排除A. 2.
Which of the following can be true? * Hank wears the red shirt.
Isaiah wears the purple shirt.
Joelle wears the red shirt.
Ken wears the green shirt.
Laura wears the yellow shirt. Ken穿purple,排除B,D;Joelle在Laura左边,Joelle不可能在lane 5,而lane 5穿red,排除C;
若Laura穿yellow,则Laura不在lane 5(因lane 5穿red),不在lane 2(因Isaiah在lane 2),
不在lane 1(因Joelle在Laura左边);若Laura穿yellow在lane 4,则穿orange的在lane 5,
但lane 5穿red,不可能;若Laura穿yellow在lane 3,则穿orange的在lane 4,又穿red的在
lane 5,故穿green,purple者只能在lane 2,3,但这两处分别是Isaiah,Laura,注意Ken穿
purple,于是Ken的位置被Isaiah,Laura之一占据,所以这种情况也不可能,排除E. 3.
If Isaiah wears the green shirt, which of the
following must be true? * Ken runs in lane 1.
Laura runs in lane 5.
Hank wears the yellow shirt.
Hank wears the red shirt.
Joelle wears the orange shirt. Isaiah穿green在lane 2,穿red的在lane 5,剩下lane 1,3,4给穿orange,purple,yellow者,
只有穿orange者在lane 4,穿yellow者在lane 3能满足"穿orange者在穿yellow者右侧相邻
位置"的条件,最后剩下lane 1给穿purple者,即Ken. 4.
If Laura wears the green shirt and runs in
lane 3, which of the following must be true? Hank runs in lane 4.
Ken runs in lane 1.
Hank wears the yellow shirt.
Isaiah wears the yellow shirt.
* Joelle wears the yellow shirt. Laura穿green在lane 3,因Joelle在Laura左边,则Joelle只能在lane 1(因Isaiah在lane 2);
穿red的在lane 5,剩下lane 1,2,4给穿orange,purple,yellow者,只有穿orange者在lane 2,
穿yellow者在lane 1能满足"穿orange者在穿yellow者右侧相邻位置"的条件,故穿purple者只
能在lane 4;显然Joelle穿yellow在lane 1.最终结果LG3,JY1,IO2,KP4,HR5. 5.
If Hank runs in lane 4, which of the following
must be true? Hank wears the green shirt.
Isaiah wears the orange shirt.
Joelle wears the green shirt.
Joelle wears the yellow shirt.
* Laura wears the red shirt. Hank在lane 4,Isaiah在lane 2,剩下lane 1,3,5给Joelle,Ken,Laura,注意Joelle在Laura
左边,所以Joelle不在lane 5;因Ken穿purple而不是red,所以Ken也不在lane 5,只有Laura
穿red在lane 5才行. 这组题颇有难度,尤以第2小题为最.以上分析不一定是最佳的,欢迎讨论.
在分析它们的过程中我个人又有了一些收获.最后加一句废话:
相信ETS出的PP2中组题不会出现条件不足的情况,希望大家用PP2复习时多多琢磨条件---共勉! ★For one three-month period, mine-safety inspectors
F, G and H are collectively responsible for inspecting
mines Q, R, S, and T, none of which has yet been inspected.
Allocations of individual inspection responsibilities for
these three months must conform to the following constraints:
In any given month, each inspector inspects exactly one
of the four mines and no mine is inspected by more than one
inspector.
Each mine is inspected at least once in any two consecutive
months of the three months.
F inspects neither mine S nor mine T.
F cannot inspect a given mine more than once in any two
consecutive months.
G inspects a different mine in each of the three months, and so does H.
G can inspect mine S, but only in the month immmediately following
a month in which H inspects mine S. 1.F is reponsible for inspecting mine Q in the first month,which of the
following can be true of the second month?
A. F is responsible for inspecting mine Q.
B. F is responsible for inspecting mine S.
C. G is responsible for inspecting mine R.
D. G is responsible for inspecting mine T.
E. H is responsible for inspecting mine R.
-
条件1表明每天被视察的mine必不相同。条件4表明F只有两种可能QRQ或RQR。明显的答案为D。 F第一个月Q则第二个月F一定为R,则只有D，对了，看仔细写就行了，我今天下午刚好做这一题。 ★1、九种试剂中GHJ、MOP、XYZ每组挑两种，依次倒入。
:O有，则H也有。G有，则G=5且M或O=1。HZ，则H=4，H<Z。HM、HX、ZX不同在。
:这种题怎么才能推的快呢？ 真是要命！！！
:有一问我想不通：if M is chosen,which of the following is a complete and accurate list of chemicals any one of which could be among the other five chemicals that are added to the beaker?
: 1)G J P Y Z
: 2)G J P X Y Z (key)
两种可能：
1、O、H、G/J、P、Y、Z
2、G、J、M、P、Y、X/Z
分析如下：
由于O、M至少出现一个，又HM不同在，故H出现，O必出现。再又O出现，H必出现得OH同时出现或者同时不出现，于是分成两种情况，易得上述结果。
显然题中答案没有错（第2种情况） | 
