| 当主语在谓语前出现时叫顺序(the natural order)。在某些情况下,我们可以把谓语成分放在主语前面,这种词序叫做倒装( the inverted order)。 倒装分两种:配合语法条例的倒装,叫“grammatical inversion”;配合强调语势的叫“emphatic inversion”。 语法上的倒装句是强制性的,包括下列 7 种: 1.疑问句,如: Can you do it? How old are you? When did you know him? Why did you elect him as captain? Which of these apples do you prefer? 但疑问代词做主语时,不必倒置,如: Who is your English teacher? What happened last night? 2.表示“愿望”的句子,如: May God bless you. Long live the king! 3.There”引导的句子,如: There are many cars on the road. There stand some big trees near the river. There is a security guard outside the bank. 4.感叹句,如: How beautiful the flower is! What a smart boy you are! 5.连接词“so, neither, nor”的句子,如: Tom can ride a bicycle; so can I. She can't sing; neither can he. John has never been late; nor have I. 6.省略连词“if”的条件副词分句,如: Were I you, I would not do such a thing. Should the machine break down again, send it back to us. Had you worked harder, you would have passed. 7.“as, however”连接的让步副词分句,如: Small as the pen is, it is a powerful weapon. However busy you are, you should spend some time reading Zaobao weekly. 谈过了语法上的倒装句,现在谈强调的倒装句。例如:-里把表示否定的副词或副词短语提到句前;-是把副词虚助词提前: Never have I seen such a wicked man. On no account must this employee be removed. Not until he told me had I heard anything of it. No sooner had I left than the rain came. Up jumped the puppy. In came John. Down fell the rotten branches from the tree. Out came a woman and her maid. |